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AO
Absentee Owner AO
Administrative Order AO
Aerial Obscuration AO
America Outdoors AO
Artificial Overcast AOC
Adequate Overstory Cover AOC
Administrative Order of Consent http://www.wnmu.edu/stewardship/ORGANIZATIONSac.htm
AOCs
Areas of Concern AOG
Associations Of Government AOI
Area of Interest AON
Assessment Of Need (mandatory completion required for states to
participate in Forest Legacy Program) AOP
Annual Operating Plan AOP
Assess Our Priorities AP
Advisory Panel AP
Agricultural Producer AP
Aluminum Particulate AP
The Americas Program -- A New World of Ideas, Analysis, and Policy
Options -- An IRC Initiative AP
Annexation Policy AP
Archetype Perception AP
Artificial Propagation AP
Ascertainment and Planning (DOI/USFWS) AP
The Associated Press http://www.ap.org
AP
Austerity Program APA
The Adirondack Park Agency APA
The Administrative Procedures Act APA
The American Planning Association http://www.planning.org
APA
American Protective Association APA
American Psychiatric Association APA
American Pulpwood Association, Inc. APA
Aquifer Protection Area APA
Aquifer Protection Association APA
American Planning Association APA
Arizona Prospectors Association Apartheid
Literally "apartness." The Afrikans term given to South
Africa's policies of racial separation and the highly segregated
socio-geographical patterns they have produced, a system now being
dismantled. APBP
Association of Pedestrian and Bicycle Professionals "Ensuring
Excellence in an Emerging Profession"
http://www.apbp.org/ APC
Alaska Pulp Corporation APC
American Peanut Council APC
American Plastics Council APC
American Policy Center http://www.americanpolicy.org
APC
Area Planning Committee APCD
Air Pollution Control District APCP
The Aquatic Plant Control Program (U.S.
Army Corps of Engineers) APCRP
The Aquatic Plant Control Research Program (U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers) APD
Advance Planning Document APD
Aerosol Particle Distribution APD
Agricultural Policy Division (Farm Bureau) APD
Application for Permit to Drill (an oil or gas well) (BLM-DOI) APE
Area of Potential Effect APE
Area of Potential Effect APEA
Applicant-Prepared Environmental Assessment APEC
Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation; APEC is the only inter
governmental grouping in the world operating on the basis of non-binding
commitments, open dialogue and equal respect for the views of all
participants. Unlike the WTO or other multilateral trade bodies, APEC
has no treaty obligations required of its participants. Decisions made
within APEC are reached by consensus and commitments are undertaken on a
voluntary basis. APEC has 21 members -- referred to as "Member
Economies" -- that account for more than a third of the world's
population (2.6 billion people), approximately 60% of world GDP (US$19,
254 billion) and about 47% of world trade. It also proudly represents
the most economically dynamic region in the world having generated
nearly 70% of global economic growth in its first 10 years. APEC's 21
Member Economies are Australia; Brunei Darussalam; Canada; Chile;
People's Republic of China; Hong Kong, China; Indonesia; Japan; Republic
of Korea; Malaysia; Mexico; New Zealand; Papua New Guinea; Peru; The
Republic of the Philippines; The Russian Federation; Singapore; Chinese
Taipei; Thailand; United States of America; Viet Nam. Purpose and Goals
APEC was established in 1989 to further enhance economic growth and
prosperity for the region and to strengthen the Asia-Pacific community.
Since its inception, APEC has worked to reduce tariffs and other trade
barriers across the Asia-Pacific region, creating efficient domestic
economies and dramatically increasing exports. Key to achieving APEC's
vision is what is referred to as the 'Bogor Goals' of free and open
trade and investment in the Asia-Pacific by 2010 for industrialised
economies and 2020 for developing economies. These goals were adopted by
leaders at their 1994 meeting in Bogor, Indonesia. Learn more about the
Bogor Goals in the 1994 Leaders' Declaration: http://www.apecsec.org.sg/apec/leaders__declarations/1994.html
Source: http://www.apecsec.org.sg/apec/about_apec.html
http://www.undp.org.vn/projects/vie99002/globali.pdf
and http://www.apecsec.org.sg/ APEE
The Association of Private Enterprise Education http://www.apee.org
APF
Alaska Permanent Fund APFAEA
Actual-to-Projected Future Actual Emissions Accounting EPA APHIS
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (USDA) API
The American Petroleum Institute API
The Animal Protection Institute API
Application Program Interface API
The Arizona Preserve Initiative http://www.land.state.az.us/programs/operations/api.htm
http://www.land.state.az.us/alris/htmls/metadata/apibuff.html
APICS American Production and Inventory Control Society APIPP The Adirondack Park Invasive Plant Program: The Adirondack Park in upstate New York includes six million acres of public and private land incorporating large diverse landscapes, intact ecosystems, and high quality natural communities. These fragile interconnections of landscape, water and the organisms they support, are now threatened by the deleterious effects of invasive, non-native plants and animals. The Adirondack Park Invasive Plant Program is an initial, region-wide effort to address these concerns. The Adirondack Park Invasive Plant Program mission is to document invasive plant distributions and to advance measures to protect and restore native ecosystems in the Park through partnerships with Adirondack residents and institutions. The Program coordinates two projects: the Aquatic Invasive Plant Project and the Terrestrial Invasive Plant Project. http://www.adkinvasives.com/ APL Adjacent to Public Land APLE Average Power Laser Experiment (Boeing) APLIC Avian Power Line Interaction Committee (BLM) APM
Aquatic Plant Management APM
Asia Paper Markets APO See Accountable Property Officer. Glossary is a feature of Know Net, a knowledge management, e-learning and performance support system sponsored by the Government of the United States of America. Know Net can be accessed at http://www.knownet.hhs.gov http://knownet.hhs.gov/log/propmanDR/PPMGloss/definitions.htm#Property%20Management%20 APO
Acquisition Program Officer APO
Acquisition Project Officer APO
Administrative Protective Order APP See Agency Peculiar Property. Glossary is a feature of Know Net, a knowledge management, e-learning and performance support system sponsored by the Government of the United States of America. Know Net can be accessed at http://www.knownet.hhs.gov http://knownet.hhs.gov/log/propmanDR/PPMGloss/definitions.htm#Property%20Management%20 The
Appalachian Clean Streams Initiative (ASCI) The Clean Streams Program is a broad-based
citizen/industry/government program working to eliminate acid mine
drainage from abandoned coal mines. Using a combination of private and
governmental resources, the Program facilitates and coordinates citizen
groups, university researchers, the coal industry, corporations, the
environmental community, and local, state, and federal government
agencies that are involved in cleaning up streams polluted by acid
drainage. Begun as an initiative in 1994, this successful program has
funded 77 projects in 10 states.
http://www.osmre.gov/acsihome.htm Appalachian
Science in the Public Interest (ASPI) Apparent shoreline The outer edge of marine vegetation (marsh,
mangrove, cypress) delineated on surveys where the actual shoreline is
obscured. NOAA Coastal Services Center (CSC) Public Trust Doctrine
Glossary http://www.csc.noaa.gov/ptd/glossary.htm Apparent
Trend An interpretation of the direction of change in vegetation and
soil protection over time, based on a single observation. Apparent trend
is described in the same terms as measured trend except that when no
trend is apparent, it shall be described as none. BLM APPD
Airborne Particulate and Precipitation Data The
Appeals Reform Act The Appeals Reform Act is a 1993 Appropriation
Rider (Excerpted from Information on Forest Service Decisions
Involving Fuels Reduction Activities, A Report by the General
Accounting Office). The National Environmental Policy Act provides for
three levels of environmental analysis: the Environmental Impact
Statement (EIS), the most rigorous form of environmental analysis; the
Environmental Assessment (EA), the middling analysis level; and the
Categorical Exclusion, the lowest analysis standard used for projects
that are substantially non-obtrusive and insignificant in terms of
environmental effects (like cutting Christmas trees and firewood). Under
the Appeals Reform Act and its implementing regulations and guidelines,
as a rule only projects that are implemented using an EIS and EA are
eligible for administrative appeal. As a general matter, hazardous fuels
reduction projects involving a mechanical treatment component require an
EIS or an EA, and are thus eligible for administrative appeal, while
projects involving only a prescribed burn are typically documented under
a Categorical Exclusion, and are thus not eligible for appeal This
distinction is an important one, as the GAO study includes some
discussion of prescribed burn projects covered by a Categorical
Exclusion that legally cannot be appealed under the Forest Service
appeals statute. http://www.ifia.com/Reports/GAOReport1.htm Appellant
The party that appeals a decision of a lower court. See appellee.
U.S. Treasury OTS (Office of Thrift Supervision, in charge of banks,
savings and loan associations, etc.) http://www.ots.treas.gov/glossary/gloss-n.html Appellee
The party that is the defendant in an appeal of a lower court
decision. See appellant. U.S. Treasury OTS (Office of Thrift
Supervision, in charge of banks, savings and loan associations, etc.) http://www.ots.treas.gov/glossary/gloss-n.html Appendicularia
A genus of small, free-swimming, pelagic tunicates shaped somewhat
like a tadpole and remarkable for their resemblance to larvae of other
tunicates. http://biology.usgs.gov/s+t/SNT/noframe/zy198.htm Appendix An emergency operations plan element attached to a
functional annex to provide information on special approaches or
requirements generated by unique characteristics of specified hazards of
particular concern to the jurisdiction. Applicant Applicant means a Person who is required to submit a
Proposal that is subject to management and regulation under this
Compact. Application has a corresponding meaning. For the purposes of this Compact, and of any supplemental or
concurring legislation enacted pursuant thereto, except as may be
otherwise required by the context. Great Lakes Basin Water Resources
Compact, Confidential, Draft, Not for Distribution. http://www.allianceforlakes.com/conservation/Draft_Compact_2005.pdf
(18 pages) Application A formal request for rights to use, or obtain eventual
title to, public lands or resources. Draft Environmental Impact
Statement, Pit 14 Coal Lease-by-Application, DOI/BLM http://www.wy.blm.gov/nepa/rsfodocs/pit14/DEIS/09chap5-ref-glos.pdf
(pages 15-18 of 18) Application
(Oil and Gas) A written request, petition or offer to lease lands
for the purpose of oil and gas exploration and/or the right of
extraction. National Grassland Plan (USDA Forest Service) http://www.fs.fed.us/ngp/draft/plan/pdf_plan_draft/Dakota_Prairie_Plan/Appendices/appendix_g.pdf Application
Efficiency The ratio of the average depth of irrigation water
infiltrated and stored in the root zone to the average depth of
irrigation water applied, expressed as a percent. Application
Positions See Spark Arrester. Application
Repository A repository that lists all interoperable applications
that are developed within a COI (Community Of Interest). GWOB Applied
Research Applied research is that effort that (1) normally follows
basic research, but may not be severed from the related basic research,
(2) attempts to determine and exploit the potential of scientific
discoveries or improvements in technology, materials, processes,
methods, devices, or techniques, and (3) attempts to advance the state
of the art. Applied research does not include efforts whose principal
aim is design, development, or test of specific items or services to be
considered for sale; these efforts are within the definition of the term
development. Applied Water (delivered water) Water delivered to a user. Applied
water may be used for either inside uses or outside watering. It does
not include precipitation or distribution losses. It may apply to
metered or nonmetered deliveries. Apportioned
Federal Funds The FHWA [Federal Highway Administration] apportions
most Federal-aid funds to each State via statutory formulas. State and
local governments decide which projects to advance using these
apportioned Federal-aid funds while the Secretary has no discretion on
project selection. Apportioned funds account for over 90% of all
transportation funds distributed to States. http://www.bywaysonline.org/grants/guidance/glossary Appraisal
(Report) An appraisal is a written report, independently and
impartially prepared by a qualified individual, setting forth an opinion
of defined value of an adequately described property, as of a specific
date, and supported by the presentation and analysis of relevant market
data [Uniform Act, 1993, 49 CFR Part 24.2(b)]. U.S. Bureau of
Reclamation, Reclamation Manual, Directives and Standards LND 05-01,
Appendix C http://www.usbr.gov/recman/lnd/lnd0501c.htm Appraisal
Estimate An estimate used in an appraisal study as an aid in
selecting the most economical plan by comparing alternative features or
for determining whether more detailed investigations of a potential
project are economically justified. Used to obtain approximate costs in
a short period of time with inadequate data. Not to be used for project
authorization. Appraisal Level of Detail
The level of detail necessary to facilitate making decisions on whether
or not to proceed with a detailed study and evaluation of any
alternative. Appraisal
Options Appraisal options refer to USPAP's three basic appraisal
options, as follows: A. Self-Contained Appraisal has the greatest level
of detail of the appraisal options, containing all information
significant to the solution of the appraisal problem (USPAP, 1996, pp.
105-107). B. Summary Appraisal has the next level of detail providing a
summary of all information significant to the solution of the appraisal
problem (USPAP, 1996, pp. 106-107). C. Restricted Appraisal has the
least amount of detail of the appraisal options and contains only a
brief statement of information significant to the solution of the
appraisal problem (USPAP, 1996, pp. 106-107). U.S. Bureau of
Reclamation, Reclamation Manual, Directives and Standards LND 05-01,
Appendix C http://www.usbr.gov/recman/lnd/lnd0501c.htm Appraisal
Review Appraisal Review (Review) is a technical review by an
appraiser qualified to evaluate the accuracy and validity of the data,
analysis, and value conclusions in an appraisal. The review appraiser is
equally responsible for the validity and accuracy of the appraisal as
the appraiser. U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Reclamation Manual,
Directives and Standards LND 05-01, Appendix C http://www.usbr.gov/recman/lnd/lnd0501c.htm Appraisal
Service Appraisal service refers to the preparation or the review of
an appraisal by either a staff or fee appraiser. U.S. Bureau of
Reclamation, Reclamation Manual, Directives and Standards LND 05-01,
Appendix C http://www.usbr.gov/recman/lnd/lnd0501c.htm The
Appraisal Standards Board (ASB) The
ASB is an independent board of The Appraisal Foundation, who writes,
amends, and interprets USPAP. The ASB is composed of up to seven
appraisers appointed by the Foundation's Board of Trustees. The ASB
holds public meetings throughout the year to interpret and amend USPAP.
In order to help inform Appraisers and others about changes in USPAP
each year, the ASB participates in annual USPAP Updates for Instructors
and Regulators. In addition, the ASB solicits and accepts many speaking
engagements. The ASB is assisted by the staff of The Appraisal
Foundation. http://www.appraisalfoundation.org/s_appraisal/doc.asp?SID=1&DID=155&CID=60&VID=2& RTID=0&CIDQS=&Taxonomy=False&specialSearch=False Appraised
Stumpage Price (or appraised rate) On national forests, the Forest
Service estimate of the market price for timber to be cut and removed.
It cannot be less than the base rates. The appraised price is the
advertised minimum for competitive bidding by purchasers. Appraiser
Appraiser refers to a person who possesses the education, training,
and experience necessary to accurately render an opinion of real
property value. U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Reclamation Manual,
Directives and Standards LND 05-01, Appendix C http://www.usbr.gov/recman/lnd/lnd0501c.htm Appropriate
Management Level (AML) The optimum number of wild horses that provides a
thriving natural ecological balance on the public range. Draft
Environmental Impact Statement, Pit 14 Coal Lease-by-Application, DOI/BLM
http://www.wy.blm.gov/nepa/rsfodocs/pit14/DEIS/09chap5-ref-glos.pdf
(pages 15-18 of 18) 2. The
number of wild horses and burros suitable for a herd management area as
determined through BLM's planning process and evaluation of monitoring
data. BLM Appropriate
Management Response A management strategy for suppression action (in
terms of kind, amount, and timing) on a wildfire, which most efficiently
meets fire management direction under current or expected burning
conditions. The response strategy may be to confine,
contain, or control a fire. Confine: To restrict the fire within
predetermined boundaries, established either prior to, or during the
fire. These identified boundaries will confine the fire, with no action
being taken to put the fire out. Tactics include, but are not limited
to: indirect lines with backfiring, extended hose lays, holding along
drainage, cold trailing dormant sectors, hot spotting isolated flare-up
pockets, aerial retardant pre-treatments, mop up perimeters and extended
patrols. Tactical aerial mobility and long distance water distribution
systems shall actuate this strategy of time and distance. Contain: To
restrict a fire to a defined area, using combination of natural and
constructed barriers that will stop the spread of fire under prevailing
and forecasting weather conditions, until out. Tactics include, but are
not limited to: direct, parallel and indirect lines with limited
backfiring, extended hose lays, improved hand lines, mop up to 300 feet
into the fire area to secure perimeter from rekindle and firebrand
sources. Theoretically, at this level of effort, perimeter can be
considered secure more quickly and with fewer resources required for
extended mop-up and patrol than compared with the confinement strategy.
Control: To aggressively fight a wildfire, through the skillful use of
personnel, equipment, and aircraft to establish firelines around a fire
to halt the spread and to extinguish all hot spots, until out. Tactics
are directed at total suppression of the fire as quickly as possible.
The objective is to attain control by the advent of the following
burning period. In practice, this is the traditional 10 a.m.
policy. With respect to suppression responses to wildfire, this is the
most effective and time proven technique to achieve the goal of prompt
fire control. USDI (United States Department of the Interior) Bureau
of Land Management, Las Cruces (New Mexico) Field Office, 2004 Fire
Management Plan. http://www.nm.blm.gov/fire/lcfo_fmp.doc
(Page 82-84 of 86) 2. Specific actions taken in response to a wildland
fire to implement protection and fire use objectives. KIPZ
Kootenai and Idaho Panhandle National Forests http://www.fs.fed.us/kipz/documents/reference/glossary.shtml Appropriation Amount of water legally set apart or assigned to a
particular purpose or use. Appropriation
doctrine The system for allocating water to private individuals used
in most Western states. The doctrine of Prior Appropriation was in
common use throughout the arid west as early settlers and miners began
to develop the land. The prior appropriation doctrine is based on the
concept of "First in Time, First in Right." The first person
to take a quantity of water and put it to Beneficial Use has a higher
priority of right than a subsequent user. Under drought conditions,
higher priority users are satisfied before junior users receive water.
Appropriative rights can be lost through nonuse; they can also be sold
or transferred apart from the land. Contrasts with Riparian Water
Rights. USGS Appropriative Water rights to, or ownership of, a water supply, which
is acquired for the beneficial use of water by following a specific
legal procedure. http://www.epa.gov/ogwdw/pubs/gloss2.html Approval Official An individual who has final authority to approve findings and recommendations; normally used in the approval/disapproval of findings and recommendations of the Survey Officer or Board of Survey on Reports of Survey for lost, damaged, or destroyed property. Also used in approval/disapproval of new acquisitions. Glossary is a feature of Know Net, a knowledge management, e-learning and performance support system sponsored by the Government of the United States of America. Know Net can be accessed at http://www.knownet.hhs.gov http://knownet.hhs.gov/log/propmanDR/PPMGloss/definitions.htm#Property%20Management%20 Approved refuge boundary A project boundary, which the Regional
Director of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service approves upon completion
of the planning and environmental compliance process. An approved refuge
boundary only designates those lands, which the Fish and Wildlife
Service has authority to acquire and/or manage through various
agreements. Approval of a refuge boundary does not grant the Fish and
Wildlife Service jurisdiction or control over lands within the boundary,
and it does not make lands within the refuge boundary part of the
National Wildlife Refuge System. Lands do not become part of the
National Wildlife Refuge System unless they are purchased or are placed
under an agreement that provides for management as part of the refuge
system. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Glossary of Planning Terms http://www.fws.gov/pacific/planning/gloss1.htm Approving/approval
The action taken by the BIA to approve a permit. DOI-BIA
Glossary Approving Official In the Governmentwide Purchase Card program, the approving official is responsible for, at a minimum, reviewing his/her cardholders' monthly billing statements or statements of account, verifying that all transactions made were proper/necessary to the Government and certifying the billing statement or statement of account for payment. Glossary is a feature of Know Net, a knowledge management, e-learning and performance support system sponsored by the Government of the United States of America. Know Net can be accessed at http://www.knownet.hhs.gov http://knownet.hhs.gov/log/propmanDR/PPMGloss/definitions.htm#Property%20Management%20 Appurtenance Something accessory to another and more important thing. In law, it is a right, privilege or improvement belonging to and passing with a principle property. Glossary is a feature of Know Net, a knowledge management, e-learning and performance support system sponsored by the Government of the United States of America. Know Net can be accessed at http://www.knownet.hhs.gov http://knownet.hhs.gov/log/propmanDR/PPMGloss/definitions.htm#Property%20Management%20 Appurtenant
A word employed in deeds, leases, etc., for the purpose of including
any easement or other right(s) used or enjoyed with the real property,
which are considered to be so much a part of the property that they
automatically pass to the grantee under the deed conveying the real
property. Cadastral Data glossary http://www.fairview-industries.com/standardmodule/glossary.htm APR
Accessible Pedestrian Route APR
Agricultural Preservation Restriction APRIL
Association of Programs for Rural Independent Living APRO
Association of Progressive Rental Organizations APS
American Press Syndicate APS
Annual Program Summary APSA
American Political Science Association APSIA
Association of Professional Schools of International Affairs http://www.ksg.harvard.edu/career/global/APSIA%20International%20Career%20Guide.doc APSMOA
Arizona Prospectors and Small Mine Operators Association APTR
Appalachian National Scenic Trail
http://www.nps.gov/aptr/ APV All-purpose vehicle APWA
American Public Works Association http://www.pubworks.org/
APZ
Agricultural Protection Zoning AQA Office of Air Quality Assessment (also know as Air
Monitoring)
- http://www.deq.virginia.gov/regulations/pdf/airimpactfinal2002.pdf AQCR
Air Quality Control Region AQD
Air Quality Division (National Park Service) AQI Air Quality Index - http://www.deq.virginia.gov/regulations/pdf/airimpactfinal2002.pdf AQMD
Air Quality Management District (also South Coast AQMD) http://www.aqmd.gov
and http://www.aqmd.gov/aqmp/cvves/cvsip_2.doc
AQMP Air Quality Management Plan AQN Aquatic Conservation Network AQO Air Quality and Odor AQRV Air Quality Related Values http://www.nps.gov/grca/compliance/pdf/forest-EA.pdf AQS
Aquatic Conservation Strategy (Forest Service) AQUA
Aquaculture Aquaculture
(AQUA) Uses of water for aquaculture or mariculture operations
including, but not limited to, propagation, cultivation, maintenance, or
harvesting of aquatic plants and animals for human consumption or bait
purposes. Report in Support of U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency's Review of California's Continuing Planning Process - State
Water Resources Control Board, May 2001. Appendix B, Attachment 1:
Standard Beneficial Use Definitions. The following are the beneficial
uses for surface and groundwaters that have been adopted by the regional
boards in basin plans and have been approved by the State Board. Not all
the beneficial use definitions ... are appropriate for each basin. The
uses and their definitions and abbreviations are to remain standard for
all basins. http://www.swrcb.ca.gov/plnspols/docs/oplans/cpp2001.doc
2. The National Aquaculture Act of 1980
defines aquaculture as 'the propagation and rearing of aquatic species
in controlled or selected environments, including ocean
ranching.' The Act divides responsibility for most aquaculture
research, regulatory and related activities among the Departments of Agriculture, Commerce, and Interior. Private
aquaculture has grown rapidly and diversified in recent years; in the
United States, aquaculture is dominated (80%) by catfish production. Aquatic
Living, growing, or occurring in, on or near water. Aquatic Biota Aquatic biota are
living things dependent on water. In this document, the term refers to
fish and amphibians. KIPZ Kootenai and Idaho Panhandle National
Forests http://www.fs.fed.us/kipz/documents/reference/glossary.shtml Aquatic
Ecosystem An ecosystem (biological and physical components and their
interactions) in which water is the principal medium. Examples include
wetlands, streams, reservoirs and areas with plants or animals [that
are] characteristic of either permanently or seasonally inundated soils.
National Grassland Plan (USDA Forest Service) http://www.fs.fed.us/ngp/draft/plan/pdf_plan_draft/Dakota_Prairie_Plan/Appendices/appendix_g.pdf
2. Any body of water, such as a stream, lake or estuary, and all
organisms and nonliving components within it, functioning as a natural
system.
The Forest Ecosystem Management Assessment Team (FEMAT) http://pnwin.nbii.gov/nwfp/FEMAT/
Chapter 9 Glossary http://pnwin.nbii.gov/nwfp/FEMAT/Chapter_9.htm Aquatic
habitat Habitat that occurs in free water. The Forest Ecosystem Management Assessment Team
(FEMAT) http://pnwin.nbii.gov/nwfp/FEMAT/
Chapter 9 Glossary http://pnwin.nbii.gov/nwfp/FEMAT/Chapter_9.htm Aquatic
Habitats Habitats confined to streams, rivers, springs, lakes,
ponds, reservoirs, oceans, and other water bodies. Aquatic
invasive species (AIS) Aquatic invasive
species are organisms [which are] introducted to marine or
freshwater ecosystems to which they are not native and whose
introduction causes harm to human health, the environment, or the
economy. AIS have negative impacts on aquatic ecosystems throughout the
United States, costing the nation billions of dollars annually in
economic and ecological damages. AIS are considered one of the greatest
threats to coastal environments and can significantly affect public
water supplies; recreational activities, such as boating; and valuable
natural resources, such as fisheries. Major pathways for AIS include:
discharge of ships' ballast water; fouling, such as barnacle growth, on
commercial and recreational vessels; accidental or intentional release
of marine organisms intended for human consumption, aquaculture, bait,
horticulture, aquaria, and the pet trade. http://www.epa.gov/owow/invasive_species/invasives_management/pdf/Introduction.pdf
2. Aquatic invasive species are often
spread in coastal ecosystems through introductions with ballast water,
which has been taken in at locations far from the site of subsequent
release. The speed of modern ships allows ballast-water organisms from
one area to survive interocean voyages and, therefore, facilitates the
transfer of viable invasive organisms to a new compatible environment.
Nonindigenous invasive species, especially parasites and pathogens, are
also spread inadvertently in coastal waters through aquaculture
operations and importing of ornamental and pet species. In some cases,
invasive species are also introduced and spread intentionally to control
pests or for other purposes. A number of recent studies, often based on
serendipitous discovery of invasive species, have documented the
appearance and spread of such species in U.S. coastal waters, including
the Great Lakes. Efforts to identify and track reports of invasive
species, however, have only recently started to be coordinated at a
national level. Often this coordination is limited to a specific species
(e.g., Zebra Mussel), region (e.g., 100th Meridian Initiative), or mode
of introduction (e.g., ballast water). A comprehensive monitoring
program is clearly needed to (1) detect invasive species, (2) identify
their location and mode of initial release, (3) evaluate the spread of
such species, (4) evaluate their impacts on biodiversity, and (5)
evaluate the success of control and mitigation measures. EPA/NOAA/USDA/USGS
Clean Water Action Plan: Coastal Research and Monitoring Strategy
Workgroup, September 2000. http://www.epa.gov/owow/oceans/nccr/H2Ofin.pdf
Invasive species means an alien species whose introduction does or is
likely to cause economic or environmental harm or harm to human health.
Invasive species are one of the largest threats to our terrestrial,
coastal and freshwater ecosystems, as well as being a major global
concern. Invasive species can affect aquatic ecosystems directly or by
affecting the land in ways that harm aquatic ecosystems. Invasive
species represent the second leading cause of species extinction and
loss of biodiversity in aquatic environments worldwide. They also result
in considerable economic effects through direct economic losses and
management/control costs, while dramatically altering ecosystems
supporting commercial and recreational activities. Effects on aquatic
ecosystems result in decreased native populations, modified water
tables, changes in run-off dynamics and fire frequency, among other
alterations. These ecological changes in turn impact many recreational
and commercial activities dependent on aquatic ecosystems. Common
sources of aquatic invasive species introduction include ballast water,
aquaculture escapes, and accidental and/or intentional introductions,
among others. http://www.epa.gov/owow/invasive_species/
Aquatic
Life Criteria Water quality criteria designed to protect aquatic
organisms, including fish, plants, and invertebrates. Also see
"Great Lakes Initiative" and "Clean Water Act."
Great Lakes glossary Aquatic
Nuisance Species (ANS) Water-borne plants or animals that pose a
threat to humans, agriculture, fisheries, and/or wildlife resources. See
"non-indigenous species," "zebra mussel," "Bythotrephes,"
"Eurasian ruffe," and "Eurasian watermilfoil."
Great Lakes glossary Aquatic
Nuisance Species Great Lakes Panel A federal organization formed in
1991 by the Great Lakes Commission to advance exotic species research,
monitoring, and control activities. The activities conducted are based
on federal legislative and budgetary needs and research and management
requirements. Activities include Great Lakes-wide education. Great
Lakes glossary Aquatic
Nuisance Species Task Force An international organization that
develops and implements programs to prevent the introduction and
distribution of aquatic nuisance species. Their goal is to monitor,
control, and study these species, and to disseminate technical and
educational information. Made up of 19 provincial, state, and federal
organizations. Great Lakes glossary Aquatic
Resources Plants and animals that live within or are entirely
dependent upon water to live; living resources of aquatic habitats
(fish, invertebrates, amphibians, etc.); aquatic species. Aquatic
resources All waters of the U.S. and associated sensitive species. Aquatic sustainability
The inherent capability or existing potential for a watershed system
to provide water quality, water bodies (streams, lakes, wetlands, ponds,
etc.), riparian environs (wetlands, flood plains, stream banks, lake
shores, and other lands including terrestrial lands proximal to water
bodies that can directly influence the water), and the biologic
organisms that live in or are dependent on the water that are necessary
to support the beneficial uses of the water. KIPZ Kootenai and
Idaho Panhandle National Forests http://www.fs.fed.us/kipz/documents/reference/glossary.shtml
Aquatic
Systems A complete interacting system of organisms (aquatic species)
considered together with their environment. BLM Surface Mgmt. Regs. Aquatic Toxicity The potential of a substance to have an adverse effect on aquatic species. Measurement methods for aquatic toxicity can be found in 40 CFR part 797, subpart B. Glossary is a feature of Know Net, a knowledge management, e-learning and performance support system sponsored by the Government of the United States of America. Know Net can be accessed at http://www.knownet.hhs.gov http://knownet.hhs.gov/log/propmanDR/PPMGloss/definitions.htm#Property%20Management%20 Aquatic
Zone The aquatic zone of a natural watercourse (as a river) or
sometimes of a lake or a tidewater that remains under water the entire
year. Plants in this zone have special adaptations that enable them to
survive being partially or totally under water. What Do You Mean
By That? Ever wonder about the meaning of Ecosystem Management (EM) and
all the unfamiliar terms associated with it? If so, this is the page for
you. We provide you with a dynamic list of EM terms and intend to add
terms to it as appropriate and upon request. You can help us with our
glossary construction by letting us know what terms you'd like defined.
Please submit suggestions to Janie Canton-Thompson jcantonthompson@fs.fed.us
or 406-542-4150 (Disclaimer Definitional terms sometimes vary
slightly, depending on who is using them and for what purpose. Terms
defined here are intended for the general interest reader and will
usually suffice for most EM uses.) Bitterroot Ecosystem Management
Research Project Glossary http://www.fs.fed.us/rm/ecopartner/bemrp_glossary.shtml Aqueduct
Manmade canal or pipeline used to transport water. Aqueous
Something made up of, similar to, or containing water; watery. Aquic
Conditions Current
soil wetness characterized by saturation, reduction, and redoximorphic
features. Soil Survey of McDowell County, West Virginia, Issued
2004. http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/Manuscripts/WV047/1/WVMcDowell9_2005.pdf
(page 69 of 115) 2. A soil-water regime,
mostly too wet (reducing conditions, waterlogged) for parts of the year.
Aquiclude
A geologic formation that is saturated but is incapable of
transmitting sufficient quantities of water to a well. Also, this type
of formation is not capable of transmitting enough water to be
considered as a significant part of the regional ground water system. A
layer of clay [that] limits the movement of ground water. Aquifer A
geologic unit (rock or sediment) that can store and transmit water at
rates sufficient to supply reasonable amounts of water to wells and
springs. U.S. Department of Energy (DOI) Remediation of the Moab
Uranium Mill Tailings, Grand and San Juan Counties, Utah Draft
Environmental Impact Statement http://www.eh.doe.gov/nepa/docs/deis/eis0355d/vol_1/chap10.pdf
2. A water-bearing rock unit
(unconsolidated or bedrock) that will yield water in a usable quantity
to a well or spring. McGregor Range Draft Resource Management Plan
Amendment and Environmental Impact Statement, Prepared for United States
Department of the Interior Bureau of Land Management, Las Cruces (New
Mexico) Field Office, January 2005. http://www.nm.blm.gov/lcfo/mcgregor/docs/Draft%20RMPA_EIS_01_05_low.pdf
(DOI/BLM) Glossary
(Pages 259-268 of 282) 3. A water-bearing
layer of rock, sand and/or gravel, with sufficient density of pores to
allow water to move through the layer. A body of rock that is saturated
with water or transmits water. When people drill wells, they tap water
contained within an aquifer. A geologic formation, group of formations,
or part of a formation capable of storing, receiving and transmitting
water. The formation is capable of yielding enough water to support a
well or spring. A water-bearing stratum of permeable rock, sand, or
gravel. A water-bearing formation that provides a ground water
reservoir. Underground water-bearing geologic formation or structure. A
geologic formation, group of formations, or part of a formation that
stores and transmits water and yields significant quantities of water to
wells and springs. A natural underground layer of porous, water-bearing
materials (sand, gravel) usually capable of yielding a large amount or
supply of water. http://www.epa.gov/ogwdw/pubs/gloss2.html
4. A geologic formation or structure that transmits water in sufficient
quantity to supply the needs for a water development; usually saturated
sands, gravel, fractures, and cavernous and vesicular rock (Soil
Conservation Society of America, 1982). EPAs Management Measures
for Agricultural Sources Glossary http://www.epa.gov/owow/nps/MMGI/Chapter2/ch2-3.html
and National Grassland Plan (USDA Forest Service) http://www.fs.fed.us/ngp/draft/plan/pdf_plan_draft/Dakota_Prairie_Plan/Appendices/appendix_g.pdf
5. A geologic formation that contains sufficient saturated permeable
material to yield significant quantities of water to wells and springs.
Yosemite National Park, Merced Wild and Scenic River Revised
Comprehensive Management Plan and Supplemental Environmental Impact
Statement (SEIS) Chapter VIII: Glossary http://www.nps.gov/yose/planning/mrp/html/14_rmrp_ch8.htm
6. A water-bearing bed or stratum of permeable rock, sand, or gravel
capable of fielding considerable quantities of water to wells or
springs. Soil Survey of McDowell County, West Virginia, Issued 2004.
http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/Manuscripts/WV047/1/WVMcDowell9_2005.pdf
(page 69 of 115) 7. An underground geological
formation or group of formations, containing usable amounts of
groundwater that can supply wells or springs for domestic, industrial,
and irrigation uses. Removing more groundwater from an aquifer than is
naturally replenished is called overdrafting, and can result in a
dropping water table, increased pumping costs, land subsidence (which
reduces the future recharge capacity), saltwater intrusion, reduced
streamflows in interconnected ground- and surface-water systems, and
exhaustion of groundwater reserves. Overdrafting groundwater occurs
primarily in the Plains States and the West. Soil or rock below the land
surface that is saturated with water. There are layers of impermeable
material both above and below it and it is under pressure so that when
the aquifer is penetrated by a well, the water will rise above the top
of the aquifer. USGS Aquifer
Recharge Area The surface area (land or water) through which an
aquifer is replenished. Aquifer
(unconfined) An aquifer whose upper water surface (water table) is
at atmospheric pressure, and thus is able to rise and fall. USGS Aquifer
Storage and Recovery (ASR) A technology for storage of water in a
suitable aquifer via a well during times when excess water is available
and recovery from the same aquifer when the water is needed to meet peak
emergency or long-term water demands. Everglades Plan glossary Aquifuge
A geologic formation that is both impermeable and contains no water.
Aquitard
A layer of
low-permeability formation immediately above or below an aquifer that
retards but does not prevent the flow of ground water to or from the
aquifer. It does not readily yield water to wells and springs but may
serve as a storage unit for ground water. U.S. Department of Energy
(DOI) Remediation of the Moab Uranium Mill Tailings, Grand and San Juan
Counties, Utah Draft Environmental Impact Statement http://www.eh.doe.gov/nepa/docs/deis/eis0355d/vol_1/chap10.pdf
2. A geologic formation that is saturated but
is incapable of transmitting sufficient quantities of water to a well.
However, this type of formation is capable of transmitting enough water
to be considered as a significant part of the regional ground water
system. AR
Access Road AR
Acquisition Regulations AR
Actual Representation (State Governments) AR
Additional Requirements AR
Aggregate Resources AR
American Rivers AR
Annual Report AR
Aristocratic Republic (America, as described by Henry Cabot Lodge) AR
Artificial Refugia AR
Asset Retitlement ARA
Agricultural Retailers Association ARA
American Rental Association Arable
Arable
Suitable for farming. U.S. Bureau of Reclamation Glossary http://www.usbr.gov/uc/envdocs/eis/navajo/pdfs/deis_glossary.pdf
2. Suitable for farming. Having soil or
topographic features suitable for cultivation. Arable Land Land, which, when farmed in adequate size units for the
prevailing climatic and economic setting, and provided with the
essential on-farm improvements of removing vegetation, leveling, soil
reclamation, drainage, and irrigation related facilities, will generate
sufficient income under irrigation to pay all farm production expenses;
provide a reasonable return to the farm familys labor, management,
and capital; and at least pay the operation, maintenance, and
replacement costs of associated irrigation and drainage facilities. Land
that can be cultivated to grow crops. A-race/B-race Terms related to timing and distribution of adult steelhead in the Columbia River System. A-race refers to those summer steelhead that enter the Columbia River in early August and are destined for tributaries throughout the Columbia. B-race refers to those that enter in late August through October and are destined primarily for tributaries of the Snake River. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Lower Snake River Juvenile Salmon Migration Feasibility Report and Environmental Impact Statement, Chapter 10, Glossary http://www.nww.usace.army.mil/lsr/final_fseis/study_kit/Main_Report/chap10.htm ARAP Alliance for Responsible Atmospheric Policy ARAR Applicable or relevant and appropriate requirement ARB Air Resources Board ARB Architectural Review Board Arbitrage The process of buying something in one geographic market area and selling it at the same time in another so as to take advantage of spatial price differences. Also may be used to refer to speculating on price movements between two different markets over time, such as a spread between feeder cattle and live cattle. Arbitrary and Capricious Willful and unreasonable action, without consideration and in disregard of the facts or circumstances of the case; action taken without some basis [that] would lead a reasonable and honest person or entity to such action. Arbitration Process in which a neutral third party (arbitrator) hears arguments from disputants, then issues a decision. Whether court-annexed or private, this process tends to be more formal and judicial than other ADR processes, but less formal than a court procedure. Depending on the situation, an arbitrator's decision can be either binding by law or non-binding. The exact nature of the process and decision is usually prescribed beforehand by court rule or a contract. http://www.disputeresolution.ohio.gov/terms.htm 2. A process, quasi-judicial in nature, whereby a dispute is submitted to an impartial and neutral third party who considers the facts and merits of a case and decides the matter. To be revised consistent with 5 U.S.C. 588, et seq. DOI alternative dispute resolution glossary Arboreal Living in the canopies of trees. The Forest Ecosystem Management Assessment Team (FEMAT) http://pnwin.nbii.gov/nwfp/FEMAT/ Chapter 9 Glossary http://pnwin.nbii.gov/nwfp/FEMAT/Chapter_9.htm 2. Resembling a tree, or inhabiting or frequenting trees. http://biology.usgs.gov/s+t/SNT/noframe/zy198.htm |