The Great Salmon Hoax - An Eyewitness Account of the Collapse of Science and Law and the Triumph of Politics in Salmon Recovery
(Note from KS: There are folks out there
wanting to tear down dams, take irrigation from farmers, etc. This
review is in-depth -- a reference library for reason.)
By James L. Buchal
1500 SW First Avenue, Suite 1135
Portland, OR 97201
503-227-1011, x2
Fax: 503-227-1034
Reviews:
"Must reading for anyone who wants to hear both sides of the Columbia River salmon controversy." Charles F. Luce, former Administrator, Bonneville Power Administration "This is the best book about declining runs of wild salmonids on West Coast." Salmon Trout Steelheader, June-July 1998. "If you vote, if you donate to causes, if you fish,
if you care, read The Great Salmon Hoax. It will rock
your convictions. . ." The Reel News, September 1999
All materials Copyright James Buchal 1997, 1998.
(Note: While the hardcover book is listed first, the full online edition is available; its Table of Contents is below. The hardcover edition, however, is highly recommended.)To order your copy, send $17.95 (includes $3.00 for Priority Mail shipping) to:The Great Salmon HoaxIconoclast Publishing Co.P.O. Box 677Aurora, OR 97002-0677Or use the online order form http://www.buchal.com/hoax.htmlTable of Contents: The Great Salmon Hoax (full online edition)
Marine Mammal Populations Decimate
Salmon
(Note: This is part of Chapter 3 of The Great Salmon Hoax.)
Marine mammal predation has also increased sharply in recent years.
For decades, populations of marine mammals were depressed in the wake
of significant human harvest. But populations of marine mammals have
increased dramatically on the West Coast since passage of the Marine
Mammal Protection Act in 1972.47
By some accounts, the populations are increasing at 10% a year, and
doubling every eight years.
Seals and sea lions are major predators which consume vast numbers of
salmon.48 These animals prey
primarily on returning adult salmon but also consume large numbers of
juveniles and subadults.49 Seals
and seal lions follow migrating adults well into freshwater
environments. A population of 10,000 harbor seals (the near-Columbia
River population estimate) would consume 1.8 million pounds of salmon
in a year. This is over 60 percent of the 2.8 million pounds landed in
the 1990 Oregon troll fishery.
With respect to sea lions, a 10 percent diet of salmon is a
conservative estimate. At 25 pounds of fish per day for northern sea
lions (2.5 pounds of salmon) and 15 pounds of fish per day for
California sea lions (1.5 pounds of salmon), the seasonally migrating
California sea lions and the resident northern sea lions could consume
851,000 pounds of salmon per year. This is about 30 percent of the 2.8
million pounds of salmon landed in 1990.50
In 1994, forty percent of the adult salmon showing up at Bonneville
Dam had marine mammal bites or scars on them. Only twenty percent had
the marks at Lower Granite Dam.51
This suggests, not surprisingly, that the fish bitten by seals are not
surviving as well as they migrate upstream -- deaths that are
attributed by fishery agencies to the effects of dams.
Some scientists believe that marine mammals are not a major factor in
the decline of salmon, principally because salmon and marine mammals
coexisted for thousands of years before the current declines in
salmon. But thousands of years ago, conditions were cooler and much
more favorable for salmon. And there were large marine predators on
marine mammals. Today, the most significant predators, human beings,
cannot lawfully kill marine mammals.
47 16 U.S.C. § 1361 et seq.
48 P2, Vol. 30, 91-25/0997 at 96-97
49 P3, Vol. 11, AF3-0168 at 18.
50 Id. at 20.
51 BPA, "Interim Research, Monitoring, and Evaluation Program to
Support the FCPRS Biological Opinion and Recovery Plan", at 37
(November 15, 1995 Draft).
(Note: The following "Recommended Reading" contains several
books that are 'must-reads' for those seeking to better understand the
changes in government and more. While not comprehensive, it's a great
start!)
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